Azokh limestone cave (older name: Orvan, Orvan cave) has an area of ​​about 8000 square meters. This ancient monument had entrances and exits from six halls. According to incomplete data, the length of the “paths” passing through the mysterious cave exceeds 300 m. Armenian historians have mentioned Azokh Cave many times. During the Mongol-Tatar invasions, the rulers of Amaras hid the riches of the Artsakh world here. For a long time the cave was shrouded in mystery and was discovered only in 1960. One of the entrances, Azokh 5, was intensively excavated, during which a part of the lower jaw of an ancient man was found. It corresponds to the transition period of the Neanderthal man of the straight-footed man. The animal remains from these initial large-scale excavations (stone tools are currently kept in Azerbaijan), it must be said that a lot of information has been lost in this regard. In terms of prehistoric migration from Africa, the Azokh Cave Complex has played a key role in the settlement of Asia and Europe, as the site is located in a geographical corridor that may have served as a gateway between Africa, Europe, Asia, both early human ancestry and European-African. for other representatives. The Azokh Cave study program was resumed in 2002 by an international research expedition.Numerous finds were found, including tools and animal fossils. A team of archaeologists has suggested that humans lived in the Caucasus about two million years ago. Fossils of flora and fauna, traces of primitive art, stone tools dating back more than 700,000 years have been discovered here for the first time.It turns out that the first humans had quite a variety of foods. In the remains of food, scientists have found the remains of animals that have long since disappeared. At the entrance, at a depth of 7 m, a fragment of the upper jaw of a Neanderthal was found, with its structure ավոր tooth arrangement significantly different from the jaw of a modern man. Detailed study has shown that the remains of wisdom and two other teeth have been preserved on the jaw. The discovery of the jaw of the first inhabitant of Azokh Cave is of great importance. Neanderthal remains have been found in four places: Sidi Abdurrahman (Morocco), Steinheim (Germany), Spanocomb (England) and Cedia del Diabolon (Italy). The Neanderthal jaw, located in the Hadrout region of Artsakh, is ranked No. 5 in the scientific literature.The Azokh Cave is of paramount importance, not only in terms of the restoration of the Neanderthal discourse, but also confirms the view that the territory of Armenia enters the period of anthropogenesis, early human settlement.Of course, not all the secrets have been revealed yet. This vast prehistoric settlement, which has been operating for many millennia, is regularly explored and offers new surprises to explorers.The large book “The Cave of Artsakh and the Caucasus Corridor” (English), published by the famous Swiss scientific publishing house “Shpringel”, presents the results of the research.Occupied by Azerbaijan.