in Russian – https://aga-tribunal.info/ysu-22-10-2020/

Source (Unesco Chair on Prevention of Genocide and Other Atrocity Crimes at YSU).

Besides Armenia, the Appeal was signed by scientists from 20 countries, among them: Austria, Australia, Argentina, Hungary, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Israel, India, Canada, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, USA, France, Sweden, South Africa, Japan. It is symbolic that among the signatories there is not a single scientist from Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine…

Since September 27, 2020, Azerbaijan, backed by Turkey, initiated a large-scale, unprovoked war against the Republic of Artsakh and the Republic of Armenia. Over the last days Azerbaijani forces have intentionally been attacking civilians and civilian infrastructures, and they have heavily shelled Stepanakert, Shushi, Mardakert, Hadrut, and other settlements with cluster munitions and other weapons prohibited by international humanitarian laws.

The Shushi Holy Savior (Ghazanchetsots) Cathedral, was severely damaged after two deliberate air raids conducted by the Azerbaijani military on October 8 and 9. This is not only a violation of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its two (1954 and 1999) Protocols, but also a part of policy of the cultural genocide that the Azerbaijani government has been implementing over the past 30 years by systematically destroying the Armenian historical heritage, including thousands of ancient Khachkars (carved cross stones) in the city of Djulfa (Nakhichevan). It is well established that cultural genocide is clear evidence of the existence of a special intent to commit genocide.

Furthermore, it is documented that Turkish armed forces and air forces directly participate in hostilities. Moreover, there are many impartial international media reports showing that during the current large-scale Azeri aggression against Artsakh, a substantial number of mercenaries identifying as jihadists from Syria and Libya, and likely also from Afghanistan and Pakistan, are hired and sent by Turkey to Azerbaijan to fight against Armenians . This also constitutes a violation of international law.

Direct Turkish involvement in the decades-long conflict is thus no longer a threat that Armenians in Artsakh, Armenia, and Turkey have had to fear, but a fact that threatens to annihilate Armenians in Artsakh and beyond. A recent statement issued by the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, read that they, Turkey, were going “to continue to fulfill the mission of their grandfathers, which was carried out a century ago in the Caucasus”. This constitutes a direct threat of continuing the Armenian genocide that began in 1915.

The statement does not stand alone. Turkey officially and continuously denies the Armenian genocide, but various officials, including the president, have repeatedly hinted that Turkey is ready to once more “give a lesson” to Armenians, and that the “deportation” of Armenians in 1915 was the most appropriate decision at the time . “Armenian” is a commonly-used curse word in Turkey, and “leftovers of the sword” is another derogatory term used in Turkish to refer to the survivors of the genocide, which Erdogan publicly used during a briefing in May 2020. These and many other examples all amount to tacit recognition and approval of the genocide; it is, in other words, hate speech that threatens a new genocide. The attacks against Armenian churches and other properties all around the world by the Turkish nationalists are on the rise. Lately, Armenians and other Christians in Istanbul were targeted and blamed for supposedly spreading coronavirus, and Armenians have also been harassed by pro-Azeri Turks since the beginning of the latest outbreak of war. The most high-profiled victim has been the Turkish-Armenian politician Garo Paylan from the pro-Kurdish HDP-party. And Erdogan’s government does not spare its Turkish or Kurdish intellectuals and ordinary citizens, prosecuting them for even the slightest imagined transgression.

The position of the Azerbaijani leadership and society is even more aggressive. For years, anti-Armenian discourse and propaganda have been part of official state policy. Every day, indoctrination is carried out from schools to state media that demonizes Armenians, presenting them as an absolute evil that should be deprived of the right to live in Artsakh and Armenia, including the capital Yerevan. In one of his many public speeches, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev himself spoke about a “hypocritical, global Armenian conspiracy with Western politicians, who are embroiled in corruption and bribery,” reminiscent of Adolf Hitler’s “global Jewish conspiracy” thesis, reiterated many times in Nazi speeches as a pretext and justification for the Holocaust.

It is therefore not merely rhetorical when on October 3, in the early phase of the current conflict, Armenia’s Prime Minister, Nikol Pashinyan, in his address to the nation stated the following: “The objective of the Azerbaijani-Turkish bandits is not about claiming territory. Their objective is the Armenian people. Their objective is to continue their genocidal policy.” In fact, history, from the Armenian genocide to the last three decades of conflict, as well as current political statements, economic policies, sentiments of the societies and military actions by the Azerbaijani and Turkish leadership should warn us that genocide of the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh, and perhaps even Armenia, is a very real possibility. All of this proves that Armenians can face slaughter if any Armenian territory is occupied, consequently recognizing of the independence of the Republic of Artsakh is the way to save Armenians of Artsakh from extermination now or in the near future.

And already a case can be made that there is conspiracy to commit genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, and attempt to commit genocide, all of which are acts that, according to article 3 of 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, all states of the world are obliged to prevent and punish.

We, as members of the academic community, demand that the international community takes direct and serious action so that the Azerbaijani aggression immediately ceases, and that anti-Armenian state propaganda and hatred in Azerbaijan and Turkey ends. We appeal to the international community to raise their voices against xenophobia, aggression, and war, and for the prevention of new genocide.

(78 signers)

Kirk C Allison, MS, Health Humanities, Saint Scholastica College, USA

Eugene N. Anderson, Professor Emeritus, Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, USA

Juan Pablo Artinian, Torcuato Di Tella University, Argentina

Maral N. Attallah, Distinguished Lecturer, Dept. of Critical Race, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Humboldt State University, USA

Yair Auron, Open University of Israel (Emeritus), Israel

Vahagn Avedian, independent researcher, genocide, peace and conflict studies, Sweden

Aris Babikian, former Citizenship Judge, Canada

Peter Balakian, Rebar Professor of the Humanities, Colgate University, USA

Jean-Philippe Belleau, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA

Eldad Ben Aharon, Leiden University Institute for Area Studies, Netherlands

Caroline Bennett, Member of the IAGS Advisory Board, Lecturer in Cultural Anthropology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Sara Birjandian, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Martin Bitschnau, “Society for the Documentation of Genocides [ger] (Völkermord.at – Gesellschaft für die Dokumentation von Völkermorden)”, Austria

Matthias Bjørnlund, Danish Institute for Study Abroad, Denmark

Nélida Elena Boulgourdjian, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

James Burnham Sedgwick, Associate Professor, Department of History and Classics, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada

Sara E. Brown, Member of the IAGS Advisory Board, Executive Director of the Center for Holocaust, Human Rights & Genocide Education, New Jersey, USA

Israel W. Charny, Past President, International Association Genocide Scholars (IAGS), Executive Director, Institute on the Holocaust & Genocide, Jerusalem

Kasturi Chatterjee, Assistant Professor, FLAME University, India

John Cox, UNC Charlotte, Associate Professor, Department of Global Studies, Director, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, USA

Don Cummings, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Professional Educator, Worcester (MA) Public Schools, USA

Asya Darbinyan, Visiting Research Scholar, Clark University, USA

Hilary Earl, Department of History, Nipissing University, Canada

Kate W. English, Executive Director, EIHR: The Educators’ Institute for Human Rights, Washington, DC, USA

Jenna Fagan, Lehigh University, USA

Amy Fagin, Member IAGS Executive Board; Director: Beyond Genocide Centre for Prevention, New Salem, Massachusetts, USA

Hervé Georgelin, Lecturer of History, University of Athens, Department of Turkish Studies and Modern Asian Studies, Greece

Grace V. Giammona, ALM candidate in International Relations at Harvard University, USA

Todd Gitlin, Columbia University, USA

Patrick Hein, Lecturer of Politics, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan

Tessa Hofmann, author and independent scholar of genocide studies, Berlin, Germany

Raymond Kévorkian, president of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institut Foundation

Suzanne Khardalian Holmquist, film director, Stockholm, Sweden

Anahit Khosroeva, Institute of History, NAS, Armenia

Péter Pál Kránitz, independent scholar, Hungary

Theodosios Kyriakidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Samantha Lakin, Advanced Doctoral Candidate, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University; Fulbright Scholar (Rwanda 2017-2018; Switzerland 2011-2012), USA

Bård Larsen, Civita, Oslo, Norway

John Liffiton, Director, Genocide Conference, Scottsdale Community College

Robert Jay Lifton, Columbia University, USA

Dominika Maria Macios, Polish Institute of World Art Studies, Poland

Charikleia Magdalini Kefalidou, University of Caen, France
Joseph Mai, Clemson University, USA

Suren Manukyan, Member of the IAGS Advisory Board, Head, UNESCO Chair on Education and Prevention of Genocide and Other Atrocity Crimes at Yerevan State University; Armenian Genocide Museum&Institute, Armenia

Armen T. Marsoobian, Philosophy Professor, First Vice President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA

Harutyun Marutyan, Director, Armenian genocide Museum&Institute, Armenia

Alyssa Mathias, PhD Candidate, Department of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

Ibrahim Malazada, Visiting Research fellow at CRPSR, Coventry University, UK, Lecturer at Soran University, Kurdistan Region

Arda Melkonian, Fuller Theological Seminary, USA

Doris Melkonian, Fuller Theological Seminary, USA

Éva Merenics, Independent Researcher, Hungary

Michaela Moura-Koçoglu, Assistant Teaching Professor, Center for Women and Gender Studies, Florida International University, Miami, USA

Stacey M. Mitchell, Georgia State University’s Perimeter College, USA

Alexandra Morehead, Brown University, USA

Luisa Morettin, NCI University London, UK

Shepherd Mpofu, University of Limpopo, South Africa

Adam Muller, Member of the IAGS Advisory Board, Professor and Director, Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Manitoba, Canada

Jeanine Ntihirageza, Professor and Director of the Center for Genocide and Human Rights Research in Africa and the Diaspora, Northeastern Illinois University , Chicago, USA

Darren O’Brien, University of Queensland, Australia

Regina Paulose, International Criminal Law Attorney, USA

Rubina Peroomian, UCLA, Genocide Studies, USA

Jack Nusan Porter, Past Vice-President, International Association Genocide Scholars (IAGS), The Davis Center, Harvard University, USA

Nancy L. Rosenblum, Department of Government, Harvard University, USA

Kaziwa Salih, Queens’ University, Canada

Jakob Seerup, Bornholms Museum, Denmark

Marc I. Sherman, Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide, Jerusalem, Israel

Greg Stanton, Past President of IAGS, Founding President, Genocide Watch

Pamela Steiner, Harvard School of Public Health, USA

Charles B. Strozier, The City University of New York

Paul Slovic, University of Oregon, USA

Henry C. Theriault, President, International Association of Genocide Scholars, USA

Steven A Usitalo, Professor of History, Chair of the Department of History and Social Sciences, Northern State University, USA

Elisa von Joeden-Forgey, Past Vice-President, International Association Genocide Scholars (IAGS), Endowed Chair, Department of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Keene State College, USA

Jenna Walmer, M.A. Candidate in Holocaust and Genocide Studies at West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA

Kerry Whigham, Assistant Professor of Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention, Binghamton University; Director of Research and Online Education, Auschwitz Institute for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities, USA

Julia M. White, Assistant Professor, Minor in Atrocity Studies and the Practices of Social Justice, School of Education, NY, USA

Stephanie Wolfe, Weber State University, USA

Hrag Yacoubian, University of British Columbia, Canada

Eve Zucker, Research Affiliate, Council of Southeast Asian Studies, Yale University, USA